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                <span class="meta">发布日期：2023-03-03 10:20 浏览次数：4583次 编辑：体育部</span>
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                <h2>坚持运动和不运动的学生，有哪些差距？</h2>
                <section><strong>学生假期天天宅家里，玩手机、打游戏，哪里也不去，怎么办？</strong></section>
<section></section>
<section>家长们希望孩子能时常出去跑跑步、打打球、运动运动，锻炼身体，担心长时间的久坐不动，影响孩子的身体健康。</section>
<section></section>
<section>然而现在许多孩子，包括大部分成年人，都没有运动的习惯，空余时间，习惯于在手机、网络上寻求娱乐。</section>
<section></section>
<section>长此以往，身体素质逐渐下降，爬个楼梯都气喘吁吁。</section>
<section></section>
<section>事实上，坚持运动的益处，远不止保持身体健康这一条。</section>
<section></section>
<section>坚持运动和不运动的学生，短期可能看不出明显区别，时间长了，会在很多方面拉开巨大差距。</section>
<section></section>
<section>
<section>
<section>
<section>
<section>
<section><strong>01</strong></p>
</section>
</section>
<section>
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<section></section>
</section>
</section>
</section>
</section>
</section>
<section><strong>坚持运动的学生，大脑发育更好</strong></section>
<section></section>
<section>不少家长都有一个错误的观念，认为运动就是瞎玩，浪费时间和精力，殊不知，运动与智慧有着直接关系。</section>
<section></section>
<section>由美国国立卫生研究院发起的，哈佛大学、耶鲁大学、加州大学、康乃尔大学主导的“人类脑计划”曾在研究中发现：</section>
<section></section>
<section><strong>坚持运动可以明显增加大脑神经纤维、树突、突触的数量，促进大脑的发育，提高记忆力。</strong></section>
<section></section>
<section>就拿打篮球来说，它需要眼快、身体动作快且协调、还需要大脑迅速思考做出判断，这一系列的动作，能促进大脑功能的整合。</section>
<section></section>
<section>所以会有老师总结说：一般在操场上活动比较多的孩子，学习成绩都比较优秀。</section>
<section></section>
<section>《运动改造大脑》一书的作者、哈佛大学医学院临床副教授约翰·瑞迪也认为，运动能改变大脑结构，从而帮助孩子提高学习效率。</section>
<section></section>
<section>他在书中分享了一个真实案例：</section>
<section></section>
<section>芝加哥内珀维尔中央高中实施零时体育计划，即：让学生们每天早到1小时，跑步、做运动，运动时佩戴心率监测仪，当心跳达到最高值，或达到最大摄氧量的70％时才开始上课。</section>
<section></section>
<section>一开始，家长们怨声载道，因为要早起，孩子们也有点抵触。</section>
<section></section>
<section>但1个月后，「零时体育计划」就开始显现效果：上课打瞌睡的学生明显减少；师生互动增加、学生发言更踊跃；寻衅打架减少、测验成绩普遍提高。</section>
<section></section>
<section>为什么会有这样的变化呢？</section>
<section></section>
<section><strong>原来，我们在运动时会产生多巴胺、血清素和正肾上腺素，这三种神经传导物质都和学习有关。</strong></section>
<section></section>
<section>多巴胺是种正向的情绪物质，孩子运动完心情愉快、精神振奋；</section>
<section></section>
<section>血清素跟情绪和记忆有直接的关系，运动后血清素增加，能提高孩子的记忆力；</section>
<section></section>
<section>正肾上腺素跟注意力有直接的关系，使孩子专注力增强。</section>
<section></section>
<section>当孩子心情愉快、记忆力好、专注力强，学习效果自然会更好。</section>
<section></section>
<section>尤其对于一些好动、坐不住的孩子来说，多运动，还会帮助他们消耗掉过剩的精力，学习起来更能集中注意力。</section>
<section></section>
<section>因此，单从学习这个方面来说，家长帮助孩子养成运动的习惯，促进大脑发育，孩子对于知识的吸收和理解力会变得更强。</section>
<section></section>
<section></section>
<section>
<section>
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<section></section>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section><strong>02</strong></p>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<section></section>
</section>
</section>
</section>
</section>
</section>
<section><strong>坚持运动的学生，心理更健康</strong></section>
<section></section>
<section>近年来，青少年心理问题高发，引起了全社会的警惕和关注。</section>
<section></section>
<section>《中国儿童的生存与发展：数据和分析》中曾显示：</section>
<section></section>
<section>“我国17岁以下的少年儿童中，至少有3000万人受到各种情绪障碍和行为问题的困扰。”</section>
<section></section>
<section>有人问：<strong>为什么现在的孩子不挨打挨骂，条件这么好，但是心理却这么脆弱？</strong></section>
<section></section>
<section>除了学习压力外，运动量不足也是其中值得思考的原因。</section>
<section></section>
<section><strong>运动除了有益大脑，还有调节情绪的重要作用。</strong></section>
<section></section>
<section>以前的孩子，在家里受了委屈、或是挨打挨骂，跑出门去和伙伴们疯玩一阵，烦恼也被抛到了九霄云外，回到家里照样吃嘛嘛香。</section>
<section></section>
<section>而现在的孩子，只能通过网络、游戏来让自己暂时忘记烦忧，但这些方式，远远没有运动的效果好。</section>
<section></section>
<section>更糟糕的情况是，有些孩子甚至没有途径排解自己的负面情绪，长期堆积在心里，就容易导致抑郁、焦虑等心理问题。</section>
<section></section>
<section>当孩子心里有了烦恼、压力，去外面跑几圈，或者做自己喜欢的运动，让身体动起来，畅快地呼吸、流汗，整个人都会从内而外轻松起来，情绪变得积极。</section>
<section></section>
<section>负面情绪得到及时的排解，孩子才能保持一个健康的心理状态，并逐渐形成积极思维。</section>
<section></section>
<section>健康的身体和心理，才是一切的基础。</section>
<section><strong> </strong></section>
<section>
<section>
<section>
<section>
<section>
<section></section>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section><strong>03</strong></p>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<section></section>
</section>
</section>
</section>
</section>
</section>
<section><strong>坚持运动的学生</strong></section>
<section><strong>具有更优秀的意志品质</strong></section>
<section></section>
<section>作家村上春树坚持跑步近30年后，写了一本书叫《当我谈跑步时，我谈些什么》，在跑步中他收获的不止是健康的生活，更明白了坚持的可贵。</section>
<section></section>
<section>“正是长距离赛跑塑造了现在的我，或多或少，或好或坏。运动中产生的，对我们至关重要的东西，几乎是肉眼无法看到的，然而用心灵可以感觉到的。”</section>
<section></section>
<section>多年前，就有人提出疑问，为什么欧美国家的青少年一个个看上去那么阳光自信，活力四射，而中国的孩子们，则显得没精打采、畏畏缩缩？</section>
<section></section>
<section>有专家指出，除了赏识教育，还和国内外对运动的重视程度密切相关。</section>
<section></section>
<section>日本青少年研究所曾经做过一项问卷调查，数据显示：中国参加课外体育活动的初中生比例为8％，远低于日本65％、美国63％的水平。</section>
<section></section>
<section>我们经常能从爱运动的人身上，观察到一种自信、有力量的气质，走到哪里，都是一脸阳光。</section>
<section></section>
<section><strong>除了自信以外，勇敢、坚持、抗挫折能力、积极思维，这些优秀的品质，孩子都可以从运动中获得。</strong></section>
<section></section>
<section>
<section><strong>长期坚持运动，锻炼的不仅仅是身体，还有一个人的思想、意志，这些内在的品质，会让孩子受益一生。</strong></section>
<section></section>
<section>选择什么运动不是最重要的，最重要的是培养学生对运动的热情和坚持性，在运动中感受到乐趣。</section>
<section></section>
<section>帮助学生养成运动的习惯，会成为学生们的宝贵的人生财富。</section>
</section>
</section>
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